Endemic Dental Fluorosis and Associated Risk Factors in Dausa District, Rajasthan (India)

The increased incidence of dental fluorosis in developing countries over the last two decades is considered to be largely due to the wide spread use of fluoride. A study was carried out in Dausa district to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its effects on teeth due to ingestion and exposure to fluoride over a long period of time. The drinking water limit for fluoride is 1.5 mg/ L. In the study area the fluoride level in ground water was found beyond permissible limit and the majority of the population was suffering from dental fluorosis. The survey of the study area revealed high concentration of fluoride (14.90 mg/L). The teeth of the children were damaged and characterized by black and brown stains as well as cracking and pitting of the teeth. In the study area dental fluorosis was examined according to the different grades. It was found that in the age group 6-11 years and 12-17 years 50.00% and 42.50% respectively were suffering from gradeI, Grade -II was more prevalent with 35.71and 42.31 % in the age groups 18-30 and 31-40 years, respectively. GradeIII and Grade-IV were more prevalent in the age group above 40 years. Thus in higher age group the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was found higher due to linger exposure to fluoride. Dental fluorosis is a public health problem in Dausa district. Active steps must be taken to partially defluoridate the water before distribution to reduce the morbidity associated with dental fluorosis in this area. Dental fluorosis can be prevented by having an adequate knowledge of the fluoride sources, knowing how to manage this issue and therefore avoid over exposure.